Marqeta
The public (NASDAQ: MQ) modern card-issuing platform that grew up processing Cash App's card volume; also powers Klarna's card programs and newer entrants like BFinance.
Tracked neobanks on its rails
Other card issuing processors
Client list shows tracked neobanks with a publicly documented relationship — not a complete customer book. Sourced from issuer disclosures and public reporting; suggest a fix.