picks & shovels
Infra for neobanks
36
providers mapped
11
sponsor banks
36
neobanks mapped to rails
Most "neobanks" don't run their own rails: a sponsor bank holds the licence, a processor issues the cards, and increasingly a stablecoin platform moves the money. This page maps that hidden layer for the tracked directory — because when a provider stumbles (Wirecard, Synapse, an issuer changing footprint overnight), it's the apps on top that die. Mappings come from the neobanks' own issuer disclosures and public reporting; some are partial — suggest an addition.
BIN sponsor banks
North Dakota sponsor bank behind some of the biggest US fintech brands — a long-time partner bank for both Current and Mercury deposits.
The developer-first nationally chartered bank built by Plaid co-founder William Hockey — no middleware, direct Fed access. Banks Mercury and Flex among fintech's most technical teams.
New Jersey's fintech-lending powerhouse — issues Current's credit builder card and, since 2026, the US MetaMask Card, putting a state-chartered bank under the world's default self-custody wallet.
One of the busiest BaaS sponsor banks of the boom era; its 2024 Synapse fallout and enforcement action made it the cautionary tale of the model. Still sits under Dave and Step.
Tennessee charter behind embedded deposit programs with $3M pass-through FDIC sweep networks — sits under Relay and part of Flex's banking stack.
Washington-state charter that powers One (Walmart's fintech) among a large CCBX partner portfolio — one of the few sponsor banks that grew through the 2023-24 BaaS crackdown.
Jackie Reses' (ex-Square Capital) Kansas City charter, rebuilt as a fintech sponsor bank — issues Flex's Visa Infinite business credit card.
Oklahoma national bank that co-sponsors Chime's card programs with Bancorp — proof that a community bank charter can sit under tens of millions of fintech accounts.
Ohio community bank that issues the Cash App Card — a ~$1B-asset bank under one of America's biggest consumer money apps.
The original fintech sponsor bank — quietly issues cards and holds deposits for a huge share of US consumer fintech, Chime included (alongside Stride).
Utah industrial bank that issues the Klarna Card in the US — the charter of choice for point-of-sale credit programs.
BaaS & e-money platforms
Europe's flagship banking-as-a-service platform with a full German banking licence; Tomorrow runs on it, and Vivid launched on it before getting its own EMI — BaFin pressure has since forced a hard pivot.
Société Générale-owned French BaaS platform — the original rails under Shine and much of the French fintech wave.
BaaS & clearing banks
The UK's first new clearing bank in 250 years — holds Tide's customer funds and provides agency banking rails to dozens of UK fintechs.
BaaS middleware
The a16z-backed BaaS middleware whose 2024 bankruptcy froze ~$200M of end-user funds across partner banks — Juno was among the apps caught in the collapse. The reason 'who holds the ledger?' is now a due-diligence question.
core banking platforms
Google-engineer-founded Vault core, the ledger under Atom Bank since 2016 — Curve and Monese both moved onto it as they scaled.
The SaaS core-banking pioneer: N26 famously launched on it before building in-house, and TymeBank runs Africa's biggest digital bank on it today.
card issuing processors
The processor under the first US neobank wave — Chime (before its in-house ChimeCore migration), Dave and MoneyLion all built on it. Acquired by SoFi in 2020 for $1.2B.
The public (NASDAQ: MQ) modern card-issuing platform that grew up processing Cash App's card volume; also powers Klarna's card programs and newer entrants like BFinance.
LatAm's modern card-issuing platform, built because Marqeta never localized — issues for the region's crypto neobanks including Lemon and Belo.
crypto card infrastructure
The card-program layer between self-custody wallets and Mastercard/Visa rails — powers the MetaMask Card and 1inch Card; merged with Monavate in 2026.
Mastercard-partnered protocol that lets wallets spend directly from self-custody — the issuing layer behind Bitget Wallet's card.
Visa-principal-member issuing platform for stablecoin-native cards — programs settle in USDC onchain. Issues Karta among a fast-growing roster of web3 card programs.
Swiss VQF-regulated Atomo SARL is a Mastercard principal member offering white-label card programs settled in fiat or stablecoins — issues Mine's card across 175+ countries.
Wirex's infrastructure arm — a decade of crypto-card issuing experience packaged as white-label rails, powering COCA's cards.
crypto brokerage & custody
NYDFS-regulated brokerage and tokenization platform that let mainstream apps switch on crypto — powered Nubank Cripto, Mercado Pago's crypto launch and Revolut's US debut.
B2B crypto and stablecoin settlement layer with money-transmitter coverage across the US — the plumbing behind MoneyLion's and Juno's crypto features.
MPC custody and transfer network securing digital-asset operations for thousands of institutions — Revolut among the fintechs running treasury and wallet ops on it.
stablecoin infrastructure
Stripe's $1.1B stablecoin-orchestration acquisition — issues branded stablecoins and moves money on stablecoin rails. Issues Deel's DLUSD and MetaMask's mUSD (with M0).
The payments-first L1 blockchain incubated by Stripe and Paradigm — purpose-built rails for stablecoin settlement, used in Deel's and Karta's stacks.
Shared stablecoin issuance protocol that lets brands mint their own fully-reserved dollar — powers MetaMask's mUSD (issued with Bridge), the first wallet-native stablecoin.
Icelandic e-money institution issuing EURe — the regulated onchain euro with personal IBANs that Gnosis Pay accounts are built on.
yield infrastructure
Non-custodial yield layer for neobanks: each user gets their own Gnosis Safe with sanctions screening and audit trail built in, and capital routes across risk-rated DeFi venues (Morpho, Aave) — one SDK instead of a protocol-by-protocol integration.
wallet infrastructure
Embedded-wallet layer (acquired by Stripe in 2025) that gives fintech users an onchain wallet behind a normal login — part of the stack under Deel's DLUSD and Karta.
ledger & reconciliation
AI-powered financial-operations backbone — unified double-entry ledger, reconciliation engine and data hub sitting between a neobank's product and its banking partners, so balances and bank statements never drift apart.
data connectivity
The account-connectivity network that links bank accounts to apps — Chime, Current, Varo and Dave all rely on it for funding flows and account linking.
Client lists show tracked neobanks with a publicly documented relationship — not complete customer books. Providers switch constantly; corrections welcome.